Rao Cash
0xAe908BA89cE0031D19972F19e863b86AAbB00280 0xAe90...B00280

Static analysis Dynamic analysis Symbolic Execution SWC check

Rao Cash is the world's first decentralized payment money and an innovative global community network for financial freedom and independence in our daily lives, built on the Binance Smart Chain, (BEP-20) with an extremely fast 3-second block time and cheaper gas fees than ethereum. Designed to distribute money transfers and payments around the world with automatic money making in your wallet. With our RAO, people will be able to own decentralized money and not depend on governments, central banks and other such organizations. Cryptocurrencies are now considered almost the best form of digital money with which you can earn and simply get high returns on your investments in the future.

Contract address
0xAe90...B00280
Network Binance Smart Chain
License MIT
Compiler v0.8.18 v0.8.18+commit.87f61d96
Type N/A
Language Solidity
Request date 2023/05/18
Revision date 2023/05/18
Critical
Passed
High
Passed

Owner privileges

Crucial issues found The contract does contain issues of high or medium criticality. In some circumstances, the Contract may not function as intended and may pose a safety risk.
Contract owner cannot mint It is not possible to mint new tokens.
Contract owner cannot blacklist addresses. It is not possible to lock user funds by blacklisting addresses.
Contract owner can set high fees Contract owner is able to set fees above 25%. Very high fees can also prevent token transfer.
Token transfer can be locked Owner can lock user funds with owner functions.
Token cannot be burned There is no burn function within the contract.
Ownership is not renounced Contract can be manipulated by owner functions.
Comments

Ownership/Authority Privileges

  • Set tax, liquidity, and burn fee to any arbitrary value including 100% or more
  • Enable/Disable trading on DEX
  • Set router, charity, treasury, and pair address
  • Set auto liquidity threshold to any arbitrary value
  • Set swapBack amount but it must be at least 0.05% of the total supply
  • Include/Exclude multiple accounts from fees and rewards
  • May lock user funds by setting max transaction amount to zero

Note - This Audit report consists of a security analysis of the Rao Cash Token smart contract. This analysis did not include functional testing (or unit testing) of the contract’s logic. Moreover, we only audited one token contract for the Rao Cash team, other contracts associated with the project were not audited by our team. We recommend investors to do their own research before investing.

Audit Scope

This audit covered the following files listed below with a SHA-1 Hash. The above token Team provided us with the files that needs to be tested.

We will verify the following claims:
  • Correct implementation of Token standard
  • Deployer cannot mint any new tokens
  • Deployer cannot burn or lock user funds
  • Deployer cannot pause the contract
  • Overall checkup (Smart Contract Security)
The auditing process follows a routine series of steps:
  • Review of the specifications, sources, and instructions provided to SolidProof to make sure we understand the size, scope, and functionality of the smart contract.
  • Manual review of code, which is the process of reading source code line-by-line in an attempt to identify potential vulnerabilities.
  • Comparison to specification, which is the process of checking whether the code does what the specifications, sources, and instructions provided to SolidProof describe.
  • Test coverage analysis, which is the process of determining whether the test cases are actually covering the code and how much code is exercised when we run those test cases.
  • Symbolic execution, which is analysing a program to determine what inputs causes each part of a program to execute.
  • Best practices review, which is a review of the smart contracts to improve efficiency, effectiveness, clarify, maintainability, security, and control based on the established industry and academic practices, recommendations, and research.
  • Specific, itemized, actionable recommendations to help you take steps to secure your smart contracts.

A file with a different Hash has been modified, intentionally or otherwise, after the security review. A different Hash could be (but not necessarily) an indication of a changed condition or potential vulnerability that was not within the scope of this review.

Functions
public

102

State variables
public

14

Total lines
of code

1553

Capabilities
Hover on items

Audit Details

Throughout the review process, care was taken to evaluate the repository for security-related issues, code quality, and adherence to speciïŹcation and best practices. To do so, reviewed line-by-line by our team of expert pentesters and smart contract developers, documenting any issues as there were discovered.

Risk represents the probability that a certain source-threat will exploit vulnerability, and the impact of that event on the organization or system. Risk Level is computed based on CVSS version 3.0.

medium Issues

Pending

#1 Issue

Liquidity goes to an EOA

RaoToken.sol

L993

Description

The liquidity of the contract is credited to the owner's address by default which is not recommended as the owner may drain the liquidity

Pending

#2 Issue

Fees can be 100% or more

RaoToken.sol

L1505

L1510

Description

The owner is able to set the fees to any arbitrary value including 100% or more which may lead to a loss of user funds, the recommended maximum value is 25%

low Issues

Pending

#1 Issue

Local variables shadowing (shadowing-local)

RaoToken.sol

L858

L1407

Description

Rename the local variables that shadow another component.

Pending

#2 Issue

Missing Events Arithmetic (events-maths)

RaoToken.sol

L1483-1487

L1490-1492

L1505-1507

L1510-1512

L1515-1517

L1520-1522

L1525-1527

Description

Emit an event for critical parameter changes.

Pending

#3 Issue

Missing Zero Address Validation (missing-zero-check)

RaoToken.sol

L1495

L1500

Description

Check that the address is not zero.

informational Issues

Pending

#1 Issue

Functions that are not used (dead-code)

RaoToken.sol

L284-301

L194-199

L201-207

L209-221

L223-238

L262-272

L274-282

L240-250

L252-260

L174-180

L182-192

L167-170

L139-148

L124-126

L150-159

L52-61

L88-96

L98-106

L73-86

L63-71

Description

Remove unused functions.

Pending

#2 Issue

Unused return values (unused-return)

RaoToken.sol

L993-1003

Description

Ensure that all the return values of the function calls are used.

optimization Issues

Pending

#1 Issue

Public function that could be declared external (external-function)

RaoToken.sol

L345-347

L353-356

L811-813

L816-818

L821-823

L826-828

L848-854

L857-862

L865-871

L874-889

L892-902

L905-918

L921-924

L965-967

L1383-1385

L1388-1390

L1416-1418

L1421-1423

L1426-1433

L1477-1480

L1490-1492

L1495-1497

L1500-1502

L1505-1507

L1510-1512

L1515-1517

L1520-1522

L1525-1527

L1531-1533

Description

Use the `external` attribute for functions never called from the contract.

Diagrams

Disclaimer

SolidProof.io reports are not, nor should be considered, an “endorsement” or “disapproval” of any particular project or team. These reports are not, nor should be considered, an indication of the economics or value of any “product” or “asset” created by any team. SolidProof.io do not cover testing or auditing the integration with external contract or services (such as Unicrypt, Uniswap, PancakeSwap etc’...)

SolidProof.io Audits do not provide any warranty or guarantee regarding the absolute bug- free nature of the technology analyzed, nor do they provide any indication of the technology proprietors. SolidProof Audits should not be used in any way to make decisions around investment or involvement with any particular project. These reports in no way provide investment advice, nor should be leveraged as investment advice of any sort.

SolidProof.io Reports represent an extensive auditing process intending to help our customers increase the quality of their code while reducing the high level of risk presented by cryptographic tokens and blockchain technology. Blockchain technology and cryptographic assets present a high level of ongoing risk. SolidProof’s position is that each company and individual are responsible for their own due diligence and continuous security. SolidProof in no way claims any guarantee of security or functionality of the technology we agree to analyze.